Overview of background conditions
Specifications | Reference |
Greenhouse gases ODPs | As recommended for the SPARC CCMI hindcast scenario REF-C1SD (Eyring et al, 2013) www.met.reading.ac.uk/ccmi/ |
SST and SIC | Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set (HADISST, Rayner et al., 2003) |
Overview of sulphur emission
Sulphur emission | Reference |
SO2 Anthropogenic | From MACC-CITY (Granier et al., 2011) for time period considered and as extended back to 1960 on ECCAD website eccad.sedoo.fr/eccad_extract_interface/JSF/page_login.jsf |
SO2 Biomass burning | Biomass burning: GFEDv4 (http://www.globalfiredata.org/index.html) From MACC-CITY (Granier et al., 2011) for time period considered and as extended back to 1960 on ECCAD website) |
Continuously degassing volcanoes | "continuous_volc.1x1" from Aerocom-I (Dentener et al., 2006) based on Andres and Kasgnoc (1998) which presents an average estimate of the contribution of silent degassing volcanoes to the global sulphur budget aerocom.met.no/download/emissions/AEROCOM_B-PRE/other_ascii/ |
DMS | Sea water concentration from Lana et al. (2011) is recommended www.bodc.ac.uk/solas_integration/implementation_products/group1/dms/ Biogenic modeller’s choice |
OCS | Concentrations are fixed at surface and equal to 510 pptv (Montzka et al., 2013; ASAP2006) |
Overview of volcanic emission data sets for the different TAR experiments
Volcanic Database | VolcDB1 | VolcDB2 | VolcDB3 | VolcDB4 | VolcDBSUB | VolcDB1_3D |
Covering period | Dec/1997 - Apr/2012 | Jan/1990 - Dec/2014 | 1978-2014 | 1979-2010 | Dec/1997-Apr/2012 | |
Observational data sets | MIPAS,.GOMOS, SAGEII, TOMS, OMI | OMI, OMPS, IASI, TOMS, GOME/2, , AIRS, MLS, MIPAS | TOMS, HIRS/2, AIRS, OMI, MLS, IASI and OMPS | TOMS, OMI | MIPAS,.GOMOS, SAGEII, TOMS, OMI | |
Reference | Brühl. (2018), Bingen et al. (2017), | Mills et al. (2016, Neely and Schmidt (2016)) | Carn et al. (2016)
| Diehl et al.,(2012), AeroCom-II HCA0 v1/v2, | Subset of 8 volcanoes Contains SO2 emissions and plume altitudes averaged over the 3 mandatory databases, details are given in the appendix (Table S6) | 3D netCDF Brühl et al. (2015), Bingen et al. (2017), Link |
Table 4: Overview of volcanic emission data sets for the different TAR experiments. Sensor acronyms: (MIPAS: Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding; GOMOS: Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars TOMS: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer; OMI: Ozone Monitoring Instrument; OMPS: Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite; IASI: Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer; GOME: Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment; AIRS: Atmospheric Infrared Sounder; MLS: Microwave Limb Sounder; HIRS: High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder; (References to the observational data and emission sources included are given in the reference paper and for VolcDB1(_3D) also in Table S2.1. VolcDB1_3D is a three-dimensional database, containing the spatial distributions of the injected SO2 as initially observed by the satellite instruments. In both versions of VolcDB1, the integral SO2 mass of each injection is consistent.
References
Andres, R. J. and Kasgnoc, A. D.: A time-averaged inventory of subaerial volcanic sulfur emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25251–25261, 1998.
Bingen, C., Robert, C. E., Stebel, K., Brühl, C., Schallock, J., Vanhellemont, F., Mateshvili N., Höpfner, M., Trickl, T., Barnes, J.E., Jumelet, J., Vernier, J.-P. ,Popp T, Gerrit de Leeuw, G., Pinnock, S.: Stratospheric aerosol data records for the climate change initiative: Development, validation and application to chemistry-climate modelling. Remote Sensing of Environment. doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.002, 2017
Brühl, Christoph (2018). Volcanic SO2 data derived from limb viewing satellites for the lower stratosphere from 1998 to 2012. World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ. cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/cerasearch/entry
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